{"id":11042,"date":"2025-02-27T01:15:53","date_gmt":"2025-02-26T18:15:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/?p=11042"},"modified":"2025-09-14T05:34:02","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T22:34:02","slug":"exploring-the-stunning-swamp-forest-an-unforgettable-adventure-in-tanjung-puting-national-park","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/blog\/nature\/national-park\/exploring-the-stunning-swamp-forest-an-unforgettable-adventure-in-tanjung-puting-national-park\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the Amazing Swamp Forest: An Unforgettable Adventure in Tanjung Puting National Park"},"content":{"rendered":"

Welcome, adventurers! Are you ready to experience the thrill of exploring a magical swamp forest? Here, we will guide you on an unforgettable journey to Tanjung Puting National Park<\/a>, a hidden paradise in Central Kalimantan<\/a>. Imagine yourself immersed in the breathtaking beauty of nature, accompanied by the melodious sounds of birds and the distinctive scent of peat soil. Tanjung Puting National Park is home to amazing wildlife such as orangutans, proboscis monkeys and numerous bird species. With vast swamps, tranquil rivers and dense rainforests, it offers an unparalleled adventure for nature lovers. So, get ready for an unforgettable experience, where you can interact with orangutans in the wild, learn about the uniqueness of the swamp ecosystem, and enjoy the beauty of unspoiled nature.<\/span><\/p>\n

History and Cause and Effect<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
\"Tanjung
Tanjung Puting National Park (Meta aData: Google, Image may be copyrighted)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tanjung Puting National Park has a rich history, intertwined with the sustainability of the swamp forest and the wildlife within. It was originally designated as a Wildlife Reserve in 1936, with the aim of protecting the increasingly threatened orangutan population.<\/span><\/p>\n

Interesting History of Tanjung Puting National Park<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \n
  • The Story of Early Exploration:<\/span><\/strong> In the early 20th century, researchers and explorers were drawn to the unique swamp forests of this region. They noted the presence of orangutans, proboscis monkeys and a variety of unique plant species. Their explorations provided important preliminary data for understanding the swamp ecosystem and its wildlife.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Critical Role in Orangutan Conservation:<\/span><\/strong> Tanjung Puting Park plays an important role in the conservation of Borneo's orangutan population. In the 1970s, an orangutan rehabilitation program was started here. Dozens of orangutans rescued from the illegal trade received treatment and training before being released back into their natural habitat.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Sustainable Tourism Development:<\/span><\/strong> Over time, Puting National Park became a popular tourist destination. Sustainable tourism development became a key focus, aiming to minimize negative impacts on the ecosystem and encourage local community participation in conservation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Destination Location and How to Reach<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \"Tanjung
    Tanjung Puting National Park (Meta aData: Google, Image may be copyrighted)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Tanjung Puting Park is located in West Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Exploring the Swamp Forest:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • Access from Pangkalan Bun City:<\/span><\/strong> The main gateway to Tanjung Puting Park is Pangkalan Bun City, which can be accessed via domestic flights from various major cities in Indonesia. From Pangkalan Bun City, the journey continues by boat to tourist sites within the national park.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Fun Experience on a Boat:<\/span><\/strong> A boat trip on the tranquil rivers will provide a unique and relaxing experience. You'll be greeted by stunning views of the swamp forest and the soothing sounds of nature.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Transportation Within National Parks:<\/span><\/strong> To explore the various locations within Tanjung Puting Park, you can use traditional boats or klotok boats equipped with beds and other facilities.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Travel Tips<\/span><\/strong>: It's a good idea to book your accommodation and transportation in advance, especially if you want to experience wild camping.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Best Time to Visit<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

      Tanjung Puting National Park can be visited all year round, but the best time to visit is during the dry season, from June to September.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Exploring the Swamp Forest at the Best Time:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Dry Season: The Ideal Atmosphere for Roaming:<\/span><\/strong> In the dry season, the weather is sunny and dry, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as trekking and sailing. You can also easily spot orangutans actively searching for food in the forest.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Rainy Season: A Fun Challenge:<\/span><\/strong> In the rainy season, the weather tends to be wetter and rivers can overflow. Despite the rain, you can still enjoy the beauty of the swamp forest and see the wildlife that has adapted to these conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n
      • Stunning View:<\/span><\/strong> Tanjung Puting National Park offers stunning scenery all year round. The lush green of the rainforest, vast swamps and tranquil rivers create an enchanting panorama.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Reasons to Choose Tanjung Puting National Park<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
        \"Tanjung
        Tanjung Puting National Park (Meta aData: Google, Image may be copyrighted)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        Tanjung Puting National Park is a destination that offers a unique and memorable experience.<\/span><\/p>\n

        The uniqueness of Tanjung Puting National Park<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
          \n
        • Borneo Orangutan House:<\/span><\/strong> Tanjung Puting National Park is the primary habitat for Bornean orangutans, which are strictly protected here. You have the rare opportunity to observe orangutans in the wild and learn about their behavior.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Swamp Forest Ecosystem:<\/span><\/strong> Tanjung Puting National Park is known for its unique peat swamp forest ecosystem. Vast swamps, tranquil rivers and dense rainforest create a rich and diverse habitat.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Amazing Wildlife:<\/span><\/strong> Apart from orangutans, the national park is also home to a variety of other wildlife, such as proboscis monkeys, sun bears, and various bird species.<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Unforgettable Natural Beauty:<\/span><\/strong> Tanjung Puting National Park offers stunning natural beauty. The views of vast swamps, tranquil rivers and dense rainforest will leave you mesmerized.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Interesting Activities in Tanjung Puting National Park<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

          Tanjung Puting National Park offers a variety of exciting activities to fill your vacation time.<\/span><\/p>\n

          Fun and Exciting Activities:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
            \n
          • Exploring the Swamp Forest by Boat:<\/span><\/strong> One of the main activities in Tanjung Puting National Park is exploring the swamp forest by boat. You can enjoy a relaxing ride along the river and spot the wildlife that is around.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Meeting Orangutans in the Wild:<\/span><\/strong> In this place, you can observe orangutans in the wild. Some of the famous locations to see orangutans are Camp Leakey, Pondok Tanggui, and Camp Tanjung Harapan.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Trekking in the Rainforest:<\/span><\/strong> For adventure lovers, trekking in the rainforest offers a challenging and exciting experience. You can enjoy the beauty of unspoiled nature and see various species of plants and wildlife.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Enjoying the Beauty of the Sekonyer River:<\/span><\/strong> The Sekonyer River is famous for its natural beauty. You can enjoy a boat trip on this river and see orangutans, proboscis monkeys and various species of birds.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Wildlife Observation:<\/span><\/strong> Tanjung Puting National Park has a variety of wildlife species that are interesting to observe. Apart from orangutans and proboscis monkeys, you can also see sun bears, long-tailed monkeys and various species of birds.<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Enjoying the Beauty of the Sunset:<\/span><\/strong> The sun setting over the swamp forest creates a spectacular view. You can enjoy this moment from a boat or from the riverbank.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Typical Culinary around the Destination<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

            Tanjung Puting National Park and its surroundings offer distinctive local culinary flavors.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Getting to Know Local Flavors<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Satay Lontong:<\/span><\/strong> Satay Lontong is a traditional dish from Central Kalimantan. The satay is made from beef that is seasoned and grilled, then served with rice cake and coconut milk sauce.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Soto Banjar:<\/span><\/strong> Soto Banjar is a soup dish made from chicken or beef, coconut milk, and various spices. It is usually served with white rice and additions such as fried onions, lime, and chili sauce.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Cork Fish:<\/span><\/strong> Gabus fish is a freshwater fish found in the swamps of Central Kalimantan. This fish has a savory taste and can be processed into various dishes, such as fried, grilled, or soup.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Spicy Porridge:<\/span><\/strong> Bubur Pedas is a rice porridge flavored with chili and spices. This porridge is usually served with side dishes such as salted fish, eggs, or chicken.<\/span><\/li>\n
            • Bingka cake:<\/span><\/strong> Bingka cake is a traditional Central Kalimantan cake made from rice flour, coconut milk and eggs. This cake has a sweet flavor and soft texture.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Recommended Places to Eat:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                \n
              • Bu Ani's Food Stall:<\/span><\/strong> This food stall is famous for its Central Kalimantan specialties, such as Satay Lontong and Soto Banjar.<\/span><\/li>\n
              • Seafood Restaurant:<\/span><\/strong> Around Tanjung Puting National Park, you can also find various seafood restaurants offering fresh seafood.<\/span><\/li>\n
              • Food Stalls Around Camp:<\/span><\/strong> Some camps around Tanjung Puting National Park have food stalls offering simple dishes, such as fried rice, fried noodles and eggs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Nearby Accommodation<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

                Tanjung Puting National Park offers a range of accommodation options for travelers.<\/span><\/p>\n

                Accommodation Options:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • Camp:<\/span><\/strong> Camps are a popular accommodation option in Tanjung Puting National Park. Camps are usually located by the river and offer a wilderness experience.<\/span><\/li>\n
                • Homestay:<\/span><\/strong> Homestays are a more affordable accommodation option. Homestays are usually located in villages around the national park and offer the experience of staying in a local's home.<\/span><\/li>\n
                • Hotel:<\/span><\/strong> In Pangkalan Bun City, you can find a variety of hotels with different classes and facilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Accommodation Recommendations:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                    \n
                  • Camp Leakey:<\/span><\/strong> Camp Leakey is a camp known for its orangutan rehabilitation program. The camp offers a range of facilities, including beds, bathrooms, and dining areas.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Camp Tanjung Harapan:<\/span><\/strong> Camp Tanjung Harapan is located on the banks of the Sekonyer River. The camp offers a wilderness stay and provides a range of facilities, including beds, bathrooms and a dining area.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Tanggui Cottage:<\/span><\/strong> Pondok Tanggui is located near the Sekonyer River. The cottage offers a range of facilities, including beds, bathrooms and a dining area.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Pearl Hotel:<\/span><\/strong> Hotel Mutiara is a 3-star hotel in Pangkalan Bun City. The hotel offers various facilities, including air-conditioned rooms, a swimming pool and a restaurant.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Hotel Aquarius:<\/span><\/strong> Hotel Aquarius is a 4-star hotel in Pangkalan Bun City. The hotel offers various facilities, including air-conditioned rooms, a swimming pool and a restaurant.<\/span><\/li>\n
                  • Hotel Borneo:<\/span><\/strong> Hotel Borneo is a 2-star hotel in Pangkalan Bun City. It offers various facilities, including air-conditioned rooms, a restaurant and Wi-Fi access.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Explore POIs (Points of Interest) Around the Location<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n
                    \"Tanjung
                    Tanjung Puting National Park (Meta aData: Google, Image may be copyrighted)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

                    Tanjung Puting National Park and its surroundings offer a variety of interesting tourist destinations.<\/span><\/p>\n

                    Interesting Point of Interest:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                      \n
                    • Camp Leakey:<\/span><\/strong> Camp Leakey is an important location for observing orangutans in the wild. Here, you can see orangutans interacting with researchers and getting extra food.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Tanggui Cottage:<\/span><\/strong> Pondok Tanggui is located on the banks of the Sekonyer River and is an ideal location to view orangutans in the wild.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Camp Tanjung Harapan:<\/span><\/strong> Camp Tanjung Harapan is located on the banks of the Sekonyer River. The camp offers a wilderness stay and provides a range of facilities, including beds, bathrooms and a dining area.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Sekonyer River:<\/span><\/strong> The Sekonyer River is famous for its natural beauty. You can enjoy a boat trip on this river and see orangutans, proboscis monkeys and various species of birds.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Peat Swamp Forest:<\/span><\/strong> The Peat Swamp Forest in Tanjung Puting National Park is a unique ecosystem rich in biodiversity. You can enjoy a boat trip on the swamps and spot a variety of plant and wildlife species.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Orangutan Museum:<\/span><\/strong> The Orangutan Museum is located in Pangkalan Bun City and exhibits a wide range of information about orangutans, including anatomy, behavior, and habitat.<\/span><\/li>\n
                    • Traditional Market:<\/span><\/strong> The Traditional Market in Pangkalan Bun City is an interesting place to experience the local culture and buy a variety of local products, such as produce, handicrafts and food.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Tips and Preparation Before Visiting<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                      Before you embark on your adventure in Tanjung Puting National Park, there are a few tips and preparations you need to make.<\/span><\/p>\n

                      Fun Vacation Tips:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                        \n
                      • Physical Preparation:<\/span><\/strong> Exploring in Tanjung Puting National Park involves physical activities, such as trekking and sailing. Make sure you are in a fit physical condition before the trip.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Equipment:<\/span><\/strong> Bring appropriate gear, such as warm clothes, hat, sunglasses, sunscreen, and mosquito repellent.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Clothing:<\/span><\/strong> Choose clothes that are comfortable and suitable for tropical weather. Bring enough changes of clothes, especially if you plan to do outdoor activities.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Food and Beverage:<\/span><\/strong> Bring enough food and drinks for your trip. Some camps and homestays provide food, but you should still bring your own.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Toiletries:<\/span><\/strong> Bring toiletries, such as soap, shampoo and towels. Some camps and homestays provide toiletries, but you should still bring your own.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • First aid kit:<\/span><\/strong> Bring a first aid kit to anticipate emergencies.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Mental Preparation:<\/span><\/strong> A trip to Tanjung Puting National Park can be a memorable experience. Make sure you're up for the challenge and enjoy new experiences.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Preparing for the Situation<\/span><\/strong>: Make sure you are prepared for circumstances such as extreme weather, signal interference and wild animals.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Paying Inbound Tax<\/span><\/strong>: Prepare cash to pay the entrance tax to Tanjung Puting National Park.<\/span><\/li>\n
                      • Carry Cash:<\/span><\/strong> It's a good idea to bring enough cash for your trip.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Interesting Facts or Myths About Destinations<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

                        Tanjung Puting National Park has many interesting facts and myths that add to its appeal.<\/span><\/p>\n

                        Fun Facts and Myths:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                          \n
                        • Kera Sakti:<\/span><\/strong> In Borneo, orangutans have a special status. Locals believe that orangutans are powerful creatures that can protect the forest and bring blessings.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • Home to the Most Orangutans:<\/span><\/strong> Tanjung Puting National Park is home to one of the largest orangutan populations in the world.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • The Amazing Swamp:<\/span><\/strong> The swamps of Tanjung Puting National Park are a unique ecosystem rich in biodiversity.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • The Dark Side of Illegal Trade:<\/span><\/strong> Tanjung Puting National Park was once a hotspot for the illegal orangutan trade.<\/span><\/li>\n
                        • Successful Preservation Efforts:<\/span><\/strong> Thanks to ongoing conservation efforts, the orangutan population in Tanjung Puting National Park has increased.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Itinerary or Tour Package Suggestions<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

                          You can plan a trip to Tanjung Puting National Park with various itinerary options.<\/span><\/p>\n

                          Exploring Tanjung Puting National Park:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                            \n
                          • 3-Day Itinerary:<\/span><\/strong> You can visit Camp Leakey, Camp Tanjung Harapan and Pondok Tanggui on a 3-day itinerary.<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • 2-Day Itinerary:<\/span><\/strong> You can visit Camp Leakey and Pondok Tanggui in a 2-day itinerary.<\/span><\/li>\n
                          • 1-Day Itinerary:<\/span><\/strong> You can visit Camp Leakey or Pondok Tanggui in a 1-day itinerary.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Sustainability and Ethics in Sustainable Tourism<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                            Exploring Tanjung Puting National Park responsibly will help keep the place sustainable.<\/span><\/p>\n

                            Sustainable Tourism:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                              \n
                            • Reduce Environmental Impact:<\/span><\/strong> Avoid littering and reuse reusable containers.<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Respect Wildlife:<\/span><\/strong> Keep a safe distance from wildlife and do not feed wild animals.<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Support Local Communities:<\/span><\/strong> Buy local products and tip local guides to support the community economy.<\/span><\/li>\n
                            • Participate in Conservation:<\/span><\/strong> Participate in conservation programs run by local organizations.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              Instagrammable Spots or Best Photographs<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

                              Tanjung Puting National Park offers a variety of instagramable spots that are perfect for capturing.<\/span><\/p>\n

                              Hunting for Stunning Photos:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                \n
                              • Orangutans in the Wild:<\/span><\/strong> Orangutans swinging from trees or playing around the camp are great photo opportunities.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • Sekonyer River:<\/span><\/strong> The view of the Sekonyer river with the surrounding swamp forest is beautiful to capture.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • Sunset:<\/span><\/strong> The sun setting over the swamp forest creates a spectacular view.<\/span><\/li>\n
                              • Peat Swamp Forest:<\/span><\/strong> The Peat Swamp Forest in Tanjung Puting National Park is a unique and interesting sight to capture.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Cost and Budget (Cost Guide)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                Travel costs to Tanjung Puting National Park vary depending on accommodation and transportation options.<\/span><\/p>\n

                                Cost Estimation:<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
                                  \n
                                • Airplane Tickets:<\/span><\/strong> Airfares from Jakarta to Pangkalan Bun range from Rp1,000,000 to Rp2,000,000.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Accommodation:<\/span><\/strong> Accommodation prices in Tanjung Puting National Park range from Rp500,000 to Rp1,000,000 per night.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Transportation:<\/span><\/strong> Transportation prices from Pangkalan Bun to Tanjung Puting National Park range from Rp500,000 to Rp1,000,000.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Food:<\/span><\/strong> Food prices in Tanjung Puting National Park range from Rp100,000 to Rp200,000 per day.<\/span><\/li>\n
                                • Admission:<\/span><\/strong> The entrance ticket price for Tanjung Puting National Park is IDR 200,000 per person.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Let's Explore Tanjung Puting National Park!<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  Tanjung Puting National Park offers an unforgettable adventure for nature lovers. You can experience the thrill of exploring swamp forests, meeting orangutans in the wild, and enjoying the stunning natural beauty. So, what are you waiting for? Plan your trip to Tanjung Puting National Park right away!<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                  Selamat datang, para petualang! Apakah Anda siap untuk merasakan sensasi menjelajahi hutan rawa yang magis? Di sini, kami akan membimbing Anda dalam perjalanan tak terlupakan ke Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting, sebuah surga tersembunyi di Kalimantan Tengah. Bayangkan diri Anda terhanyut dalam keindahan alam yang menakjubkan, ditemani suara burung-burung yang merdu dan aroma tanah gambut yang […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAow64W-DA:productID":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[361],"tags":[],"wilayah":[747],"class_list":["post-11042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-taman-nasional","wilayah-kalimantan-tengah"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/20190705_091915.webp","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11042","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11042"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11042\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11042"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11042"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11042"},{"taxonomy":"wilayah","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/destinasindo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wilayah?post=11042"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}